The Peasant format is an unofficial Magic: The Gathering format created in 2001 by Robert Baronowski. The Peasant was created to provide a competitive format that is accessible in terms of budget to as many people as possible.
When the format was created, each community was free to create its own Ban List. With the increasing success of the Peasant in France and Germany, these two communities expressed the wish to play the same format and agree on common rules and Ban List. Since 2015, the Peasant format has thus followed unique rules worldwide.
Changes to the rules and Ban list are debated and voted by a committee. The details of their activities, debates, and decisions are available here.
A Peasant deck follows the usual rules for construction (60 card minimum, maximum four copies of each card) and must contain:
The rarity of a card is defined as the lowest rarity among rarities present on the Gatherer.
It is possible to play more than 5 Uncommons when the card explicitly allow more than five copies of itself (e.g., Nazgûl, Templar Knight).
Restrictions in other format aren't applied to Peasant. Example: Limitations of 1 card in vintage isn't applied in Peasant
By default, the Gatherer is configured in the language of your country and therefore only displays results in your language. For example, if you are French, a search for Lotus Noir will not give you any results because the card has never been published in French. To set the rarity of a Peasant card, you must configure the Gatherer in English. To do this, click on Settings, then at the bottom of the page select 'English' in 'Preferred Language' and then click 'Save'.
It's possible to try to see the validity of your deck with this link : http://mtg-peasant.com/valideck/